|
Florenz Ziegfeld, Jr. (March 21, 1867 - July 22, 1932), popularly known as "Flo" Ziegfeld, was an American Broadway impresario, notable for his series of theatrical revues, the ''Ziegfeld Follies'' (1907–1931), inspired by the ''Folies Bergère'' of Paris. He also produced the musical ''Show Boat''. He was known as the "glorifier of the American girl".〔 Flo Ziegfeld is a member of the American Theater Hall of Fame.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Who's in the Theatre Hall of Fame )〕 ==Early life and career== Ziegfeld was born in Chicago, Illinois on March 21, 1867. (Some sources, including his obituary, give the year of birth as 1869.) His mother, Rosalie (née de Hez), who was born in Belgium, was the grand niece of General Count Étienne Maurice Gérard. His father, Florenz Ziegfeld, Sr., was a German immigrant whose father was the mayor of Jever in Friesland. Ziegfeld, Jr., was baptized in his mother's Roman Catholic church (his father was Lutheran).〔()〕 As a child he witnessed first-hand the Chicago fire of 1871. Ziegfeld, Jr.'s father ran the Chicago Musical College and later opened a nightclub, the Trocadero, to obtain business from the 1893 World's Fair.〔Kenrick, John. ("Florenz Ziegfeld:A Biography" ) Musicals101, (Copyright 2002-2004), accessed January 13, 2011〕 To help his father's unsuccessful nightclub, Ziegfeld, Jr., hired and managed the strongman, Eugen Sandow.〔〔()〕 His stage spectaculars, known as the ''Ziegfeld Follies'', began with ''Follies of 1907'', which opened on July 7, 1907,〔Vlastnik, Frank; Bloom, Ken. ("Ziegfeld Follies of 1919" ) ''Broadway Musicals: The 101 Greatest Shows of All Time'', Black Dog Publishing, 2010, ISBN 1-57912-849-1, p. 332〕 and were produced annually until 1931.〔Green, Stanley. ("Florenz Ziegfeld" ) ''Encyclopedia of the Musical Theatre'', Da Capo Press, 1980, ISBN 0-306-80113-2, pp. 463-464〕 These extravaganzas, with elaborate costumes and sets, featured beauties chosen personally by Ziegfeld in production numbers choreographed to the works of prominent composers such as Irving Berlin, George Gershwin and Jerome Kern.〔 The ''Follies'' featured many performers who, though well known from previous work in other theatrical genres, achieved unique financial success and publicity with Ziegfeld. Included among these are Nora Bayes, Fanny Brice, Ruth Etting, W. C. Fields, Eddie Cantor, Marilyn Miller, Will Rogers, Bert Williams and Ann Pennington.〔 His promotion of the Polish-French Anna Held, including press releases about her milk baths, brought about her meteoric rise to national fame.〔Van Dagens, Margaret. ("Book review, ''Anna Held And The Birth Of Ziegfeld's Broadway'' by Eve Golden, University Press of Kentucky" ) ''New York Times'', May 14, 2000〕 It was Held who first suggested an American imitation of the Parisian Follies to Ziegfeld.〔〔''Cambridge Guide to the American Theatre'', (New York: Cambridge UP, 1995) p. 511〕 Her success in a series of his Broadway shows, especially ''The Parisian Model'', was a major reason for his starting the "series of lavish revues in 1907", the ''Ziegfeld Follies''.〔("Florenz Ziegfeld biography" ) pbs.org, accessed January 13, 2011〕 Ziegfeld married Held in 1897, but she divorced him in 1913, according to her obituary in ''The New York Times'' dated August 13, 1918.〔("Anna Held Dies After Brave Fight" ) ''New York Times'', August 13, 1918〕〔("Anna Held Dies After Brave Fight" ) ''New York Times'', article preview, August 13, 1918〕 However, according to Eve Golden, Held and Ziegfeld had never actually married, but had an "informal" wedding in 1897, and they had lived together long enough to "qualify as legal man and wife". Held's divorce from Ziegfeld became final on January 9, 1913. Held had submitted testimony about Ziegfeld's relationship with another woman.〔Golden, Eve ("Chapter: The Unchastened Woman" ) ''Anna Held and the Birth of Ziegfeld's Broadway'', University Press of Kentucky, 2000, ISBN 0-8131-2153-1, p. 160-161〕 The unnamed party in this romantic triangle was showgirl Lillian Lorraine. Ziegfeld had discovered Lorraine, an entertainer of limited talent but charismatic stage presence and beauty, in 1907 when she was but fifteen years old and a minor performer in a Shubert production, ''The Tourists.'' He spent the next years promoting her career, rocketing her into ascendance as one of the most popular attractions in his Follies.〔Hanson, Nils, "Lillian Lorraine, The Life and Times of a Ziegfeld Diva," MacFarland & Company Publishers, 2011, p. 18-19〕 By 1911, Ziegfeld had established Lorraine in an apartment in the opulent Ansonia residential hotel, located two floors directly above the residence he shared with Anna Held. Author Lee Davis in his book, "Scandals and Follies," writes: “By 1911, () was insanely in love with Lillian Lorraine and would remain so, to one degree or another, for the rest of his life, despite her erratic, irresponsible, often senseless behavior, her multiple marriages to other men, his own two marriages and his need for all his adult life to sleep with the best of the beauties he hired.” 〔Hanson, Nils, "Lillian Lorraine, The Life and Times of a Ziegfeld Diva," MacFarland & Company Publishers, 2011, p. 63〕 The following year, Ziegfeld married actress Billie Burke,〔〔 who in 1939 would go on to play Glinda in ''The Wizard of Oz''. They had one child, Patricia Ziegfeld Stephenson (1916 – 2008). The family lived on his estate in Hastings-on-Hudson, New York, and Palm Beach, Florida. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Florenz Ziegfeld, Jr.」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|